In order to ensure safe mining and reduce surface damage in shallow multi-seam mining, the failure characteristics of interburden strata with different coal pillars offset distances between pillars in the upper and lower seams, the distribution characteristics of stress concentration in coal pillars, and the development characteristics of stratum cracks and subsidence were investigated by physical and UDEC2D simulation. Meanwhile, the effect of different coal pillar offset distances on stress concentration of coal pillar and development of stratum cracks were studied. Based on those results, a formula for safe mining and reducing surface damage was established, which provided a theoretical basis for safe and environmentally friendly mining in shallow multi-seam. According to the results, the optimal coal pillar offset distance (the side to side horizontal distance of the upper and lower coal pillars) between the upper and lower coal seams was developed to reduce the stress concentration of coal pillars and surface damage. The results of this study have been applied in Ningtiaota coal mine and have achieved good results in safe and environmentally friendly mining.

为了确保安全开采并减少浅部多煤层开采的地表破坏，不同煤层的层间岩层的破坏特征会抵消上下煤层之间的距离，煤层中应力集中的分布特征以及通过物理模拟和UDEC2D模拟研究了地层裂缝和沉降的发育特征。同时，研究了不同煤柱偏移距离对煤柱应力集中和地层裂缝发展的影响。在此基础上，建立了安全开采和减少地表破坏的公式，为浅层多煤层的安全环保开采提供了理论依据。根据结果​​，制定了上下煤层之间的最佳煤柱偏移距离（上下煤柱左右水平距离），以减少煤柱的应力集中和表面破坏。这项研究的结果已在Ningtiaota煤矿得到应用，并在安全和环保的开采中取得了良好的效果。