Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is an important diploid crop with a wide variety of flavors due to its distinct aromatic volatile organic compounds (VOC). To understand the development of VOC profiles during fruit development, we performed metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis of two cantaloupe varieties over the course of fruit development. A total of 130 metabolites were detected in fruit samples, and 449014207 reads were mapped to the melon genome. A total of 4469 differentially expressed genes in fruits were identified and used to visualize the transition of VOC and transcriptomic profiles during the fruit development. A shift of VOC profiles in both varieties was observed from early-fruit profiles enriched in C5-C8 lipid-derived VOCs to late-fruit profiles abundant in C9 lipid-derived VOCs, apocarotenoids, and esters. The shift coincided with the expression of specific isoforms of lipid and carotenoid metabolizing enzymes as well as transcription factors involved in fruit ripening, metabolite regulation, and hormone signaling.

瓜（Cucumis melo L.）是一种重要的二倍体作物，由于其独特的芳香族挥发性有机化合物（VOC）而具有多种风味。为了了解水果发育过程中VOC特性的发展，我们在水果发育过程中对两个哈密瓜品种进行了代谢组学和转录组学分析。在水果样品中总共检测到130种代谢物，并将449014207读数定位到甜瓜基因组。鉴定出水果中总共4469个差异表达基因，并将其用于可视化水果发育过程中VOC和转录组谱的转变。从富含C5-C8脂质衍生的VOC的早期果实分布向富含C9脂质衍生的VOC，类胡萝卜素和酯的晚期果实分布观察，两个品种的VOC分布均发生了变化。