With the extensive adoption of electronic health records (EHRs) by several healthcare organizations, more efforts are needed to manage and utilize such massive, various, and complex healthcare data. Databases' performance and suitability to health care tasks are dramatically affected by how their data storage model and query capabilities are well-adapted to the use case scenario. On the other hand, standardized healthcare data modeling is one of the most favorable paths for achieving semantic interoperability, facilitating patient data integration from different healthcare systems. This paper compares the state-of-the-art of the most crucial database management systems used for storing standardized EHRs data. It discusses different database models' appropriateness for meeting different EHRs functions with different database specifications and workload scenarios. Insights into relevant literature show how flexible NoSQL databases (document, column, and graph) effectively deal with standardized EHRs data's distinctive features, especially in the distributed healthcare system, leading to better EHR.

随着一些医疗保健组织广泛采用电子健康记录（EHR），需要更多的精力来管理和利用如此庞大，多样且复杂的医疗保健数据。数据库的数据存储模型和查询功能如何很好地适应用例场景，极大地影响了数据库的性能和对医疗保健任务的适应性。另一方面，标准化的医疗数据建模是实现语义互操作性，促进来自不同医疗系统的患者数据集成的最有利途径之一。本文比较了用于存储标准化EHR数据的最关键的数据库管理系统的最新技术。它讨论了不同的数据库模型 在不同的数据库规范和工作负载情况下满足不同的EHR功能的适当性。对相关文献的深入了解表明，灵活的NoSQL数据库（文档，列和图形）如何有效地处理标准化EHR数据的独特功能，尤其是在分布式医疗保健系统中，从而带来了更好的EHR。