One of the factors that limits the replacement of fish meal (FM) and fish oil (FO) by plant ingredients in diets for marine fish, is their lack of long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA). LC-PUFA are essential fatty acids for these fish species, which lack sufficient fatty acyl desaturase 2 (Fads2) activity to synthesize them. Nutritional programing or the use of broodstock with a higher Fads2 activity could improve marine fish ability to synthesize LC-PUFA and their ability to use low FM and FO diets. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of gilthead seabream broodstock with inherently high or inherently low fads2 gene expression and nutritional programing with broodstock diets rich in FO or rapeseed oil (RO) on the progeny growth performance, liver morphology, biochemical composition and expression of selected genes. Sea bream juveniles (2.31± 0.01 g initial body weight, mean ± SD) obtained from broodstock with either high (H) or low (L) fads2 expression and fed a broodstock diet based on FO or RO were randomly distributed into 12 × 250 L tanks and nutritionally challenged for 45 days with a diet containing only 7.5% FM and no FO. The highest growth was found in juveniles from broodstock with a high fads2 expression and fed the RO diet, whereas the lowest growth was obtained in those from broodstock with a low fads2 expression and fed the RO diet. Juveniles from broodstock with high fads2 expression showed significantly higher fads2 expression in liver and increased PUFA contents in liver and muscle. Replacement of FO by RO in broodstock diets led to a significantly increased hepatic 18:3n-6/18:2n-6 ratio and reduction in the viscerosomatic index of the progeny juveniles, the hepatocyte size and the ghr-1/ghr-2 expression in muscle. Overall, the results showed significant trans-generational effects of both the broodstock fads2 expression and the type of lipid in the broodstock diet on the metabolism and performance of the juvenile progeny challenged with a diet low in FM and FO.

限制海鱼饲料中植物成分替代鱼粉（FM）和鱼油（FO）的因素之一是它们缺乏长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LC-PUFA）。LC-PUFA是这些鱼类的必需脂肪酸，缺乏足够的脂肪酰基去饱和酶2（Fads2）活性来合成它们。营养程序或使用具有较高Fads2活性的亲鱼可以提高海鱼合成LC-PUFA的能力以及使用低FM和FO饲料的能力。这项研究的目的是确定具有高流行度或低流行度的金头鲷鱼亲鱼的影响2用富含FO或菜籽油（RO）的亲鱼饮食进行基因表达和营养程序设计，以了解子代生长性能，肝脏形态，生化成分和所选基因的表达。从高（H）或低（L）fads2表达的亲鱼中获得的鲷鱼（2.31±0.01 g初始体重，平均±SD），以FO或RO为基础的亲鱼饲料喂养，随机分为12×250 L坦克和营养挑战45天，饮食中仅含7.5％FM且不含FO。以fads2高表达的亲鱼和RO饮食为食的幼鱼生长最快，而以fad2低2的亲鱼为生的生长最低。表达并喂食反渗透饮食。亲代中fads2高表达的幼鱼在肝脏中的fads2表达明显更高，而在肝脏和肌肉中PUFA含量增加。在亲鱼日粮中用RO替代FO导致肝脏18：3n-6 / 18：2n-6比率显着增加，后代内脏指数，肝细胞大小和ghr-1 / ghr-2表达降低在肌肉中。总体而言，结果表明亲鱼fads2表达和亲鱼饮食中的脂质类型对受FM和FO低饮食挑战的幼鱼后代的代谢和性能均具有显着的跨代影响。