For nearly a century, state regulators played an important role in telecommunications regulation. The 1934 Communications Act gave the Federal Communications Commission authority to regulate interstate telephone service, but explicitly left intrastate calls—which comprised 98% of Depression-era telephone traffic—to state public utility commissions. By the late 2000s, however, as landline telephony faded to obscurity, scholars and policymakers alike recognized that the era of comprehensive state telecommunications regulation had largely come to an end. Perhaps surprisingly, however, the first years of the Trump Administration have seen a resurgence in state telecommunications regulation—driven not by state institutional concerns, but by policy disagreements over net neutrality. This Article addresses the broader federalism questions raised by this net neutrality clash. Part I provides an overview of telecommunications federalism from the 1934 Communications Act through the present day, looking at the division of federal and state jurisdiction over traditional telephone service, wireless telephony, and information services. Part II examines the various steps that states have taken to regulate broadband providers’ network management practices in response to the Commission’s Restoring Internet Freedom Order and assesses the likelihood that these initiatives will survive a federal preemption challenge. Part III looks more broadly at the question of state authority to regulate broadband network management practices. It discusses the statutory and constitutional limits on state power to regulate broadband providers. Once the sphere of potential authority is defined, Part IV addresses how states should exercise this power and highlights alternative tools available for states that wish to shape the net neutrality debate.

中文翻译：

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国家网络中立

近一个世纪以来，国家监管机构在电信监管方面发挥了重要作用。1934 年的《通信法》授予联邦通信委员会监管州际电话服务的权力，但明确将州内电话（占大萧条时期电话流量的 98%）留给了州公用事业委员会。然而，到 2000 年代后期，随着固定电话逐渐消失，学者和政策制定者都认识到，全面的国家电信监管时代已经基本结束。然而，或许令人惊讶的是，特朗普政府的头几年看到了国家电信监管的复苏——不是由国家机构的担忧驱动的，而是由关于网络中立性的政策分歧驱动的。这篇文章解决了这场网络中立冲突引发的更广泛的联邦制问题。第一部分概述了从 1934 年《通信法案》至今的电信联邦制，着眼于联邦和州对传统电话服务、无线电话和信息服务的管辖权的划分。第二部分审查各州为响应委员会的恢复互联网自由令而为规范宽带提供商的网络管理实践而采取的各种步骤，并评估这些举措在联邦抢占挑战中幸存下来的可能性。第三部分更广泛地关注国家权力来规范宽带网络管理实践的问题。它讨论了国家监管宽带提供商权力的法定和宪法限制。