Abstract Language use is full of subsentential shifts of context, a phenomenon dramatically illustrated in conversation where non-sentential utterances displaying seamless shifts between speaker/hearer roles appear regularly. The hurdle this poses for standard assumptions is that every local linguistic dependency can be distributed across speakers, with the content of what they are saying and the significance of each conversational move emerging incrementally. Accordingly, we argue that the modelling of a psychologically-realistic grammar necessitates recasting the notion of natural language in terms of our ability for interaction with others and the environment, abandoning the competence-performance dichotomy as standardly envisaged. We sketch Dynamic Syntax, a model in which underspecification and incremental time-relative update is central, showing how interactive effects of conversation follow directly. Finally, we note the changing cognitive-science horizons to be explored once a language-as-action view is adopted.

中文翻译：

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语言作为互动机制

摘要语言的使用充满了上下文的语义转换，这种现象在对话中得到了显着说明，其中显示说话者/听者角色之间的无缝转换的非句子发声经常出现。标准假设的障碍是，每个本地语言依赖性可以在说话者之间分布，他们所说的内容以及每个对话动作的重要性都在逐渐增加。因此，我们认为，对一种心理现实语法的建模有必要根据我们与他人和环境互动的能力来重塑自然语言的概念，放弃标准所设想的能力表现二分法。我们绘制了动态语法，该模型以规格不足和相对时间增量更新为中心，显示对话的互动效果如何直接跟随。最后，我们注意到一旦采用“语言即行动”观点，将探索不断变化的认知科学视野。