Sign language researchers have devoted a lot of attention to role shift, a way of reporting what someone said, signed, thought or did. Typically, role shift is characterized as a kind of direct quotation, involving a shift of the body or eye gaze away from the current addressee, and allowing the signer to sign “from the perspective of the reported speaker.” i.e. depicting the reported (utterance) event by re-enacting it. In formal semantics, however, following the success of Schlenker’s (2003) “Plea for Monsters” in spoken languages, the received view has quickly become that role shift is a kind of visible context shift (Zucchi 2004; Quer 2005, 2011; Herrmann & Steinbach 2012). Role shift is not a form of quotation but the realization of an operator that manipulates context parameters (or context variables) in such a way that indexicals in its scope receive a shifted interpretation. In recent years, Schlenker has been emphasizing some of the shortcomings of the simple monster approach for role shift. First, in Catalan and German sign languages, Anand’s (2006) putative universal SHIFTTOGETHER constraint on context shifting is violated: multiple “shiftable” indexicals within a single role-shifted clause can be shifted or unshifted independently of each other (Quer 2005; Herrmann & Steinbach 2007). Moreover, role shift appears to be quite opaque, in the sense that ellipsis, NPI licensing and wh-extraction across the role shift boundaries are not (consistently) licensed.1 Finally, role shift tends to be interpreted “maximally iconically.” To illustrate, if Mary reports an utterance of John with a big smile, her big smile is interpreted as an iconic representation – a

中文翻译：

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手语角色转换中的引用，示范和吸引

手语研究人员已经将很多注意力放在角色转移上，这是一种报告某人所说，所签署，所想到或所做的事情的方式。通常，角色转移的特征是一种直接引语，涉及到身体或眼睛的视线移离当前收件人，并允许签名者“从报告的讲话者的角度进行签名”。即通过重新制定来描述所报告的（话语）事件。然而，在形式语义学上，随着Schlenker（2003）在口头语言中的“ Plea for Monsters”的成功使用，人们很快就认识到角色转移是一种可见的上下文转移（Zucchi 2004； Quer 2005，2011； Herrmann＆ Steinbach 2012）。角色转移不是引号的形式，而是操作符的实现，该操作符以这样的方式操作上下文参数（或上下文变量），即其范围内的索引将接收移位的解释。近年来，Schlenker一直在强调简单的怪物方法在角色转换中的一些缺点。首先，在加泰罗尼亚语和德语手语中，Anand（2006）推定了通用的SHIFTTOGETHER对上下文转移的约束：单个角色转移子句中的多个“可转移”索引可以相互独立地转移或不转移（Quer 2005； Herrmann＆ Steinbach 2007）。此外，从没有（一致地）许可跨角色转移边界的省略号，NPI许可和wh提取的意义上讲，角色转移似乎是非常不透明的。1最后，角色转移往往被“最大化地象征性地”解释。为了说明这一点，如果玛丽举起灿烂的笑容说出约翰的话语，那么她的灿烂笑容将被解释为一种标志性的表示–