Abstract This paper is concerned with a conditional construction in Spanish, which we call echoic contrastive conditional, ecc for short. In eccs, the consequent is entailed, the antecedent echoes the content of a previous assertion, and both antecedent and consequent are marked with a Contrastive Topic. Our goal is to fit these properties in a formal explanation compatible with a simple analysis of conditionals. We claim that eccs are a subtype of biscuit conditional, in that antecedent and consequent are independent (i.e. do not express a hypothetical relation). Additionally, we assume that pragmatic reasoning has to explain why a conditional is used to express an adversative relation between the two clauses. First, a proposition that has already been proposed to increase the Common Ground is placed in the antecedent of a conditional in which there is no hypothetical relation between p and q. Thus, the addressee needs to reason as to the pragmatic function the speaker wants to achieve. Second, the Contrastive Topic marking signals that both conjuncts are answers to a multiple wh-question, proposed by the speaker as the current Question Under Discussion (QUD). Third, the answer provided by the second conjunct is a stronger argument for the speaker’s communicative goal than the one provided by the first conjunct. The joint occurrence of echoicity, lack of dependence and Contrastive Topic marking leads to an adversative rhetorical relation between the conjuncts.

中文翻译：

---

西班牙条件句中的回声和对比

摘要本文涉及西班牙语中的条件构造，我们将其称为回声对比条件，简称ecc。在ecc中，必然要有结果，前提是回显先前声明的内容，并且前提和结果都标有“对比主题”。我们的目标是在与对条件语句的简单分析兼容的形式化解释中拟合这些属性。我们声称ecc是条件饼干的一个子类型，因为前提和结果是独立的（即不表达假设关系）。另外，我们假设务实的推理必须解释为什么使用条件来表达两个从句之间的敌对关系。第一，在p和q之间没有假设关系的条件的前提下，已经提出了增加共同点的提议。因此，收件人需要对说话者想要实现的实用功能进行推理。其次，“对比主题”标记表示两个合词都是对多个疑问句的答案，由演讲者提议作为当前讨论中的问题（QUD）。第三，第二个连词所提供的答案比第一个连词所提供的答案更能说明说话者的沟通目标。回声，缺乏依存感和主题对比标记的共同出现导致了合词之间的对抗性修辞关系。收件人需要对讲话者想要实现的实用功能进行推理。其次，“对比主题”标记表示两个合词都是对多个疑问句的答案，由演讲者提议作为当前讨论中的问题（QUD）。第三，第二个连词所提供的答案比第一个连词所提供的答案更能说明说话者的沟通目标。回声，缺乏依存感和主题对比标记的共同出现导致了合词之间的对抗性修辞关系。收件人需要对讲话者想要实现的实用功能进行推理。其次，“对比主题”标记表示两个合词都是对多个疑问句的答案，由演讲者提议作为当前讨论中的问题（QUD）。第三，第二个连词所提供的答案比第一个连词所提供的答案更能说明说话者的沟通目标。回声，缺乏依存感和主题对比标记的共同出现导致了合词之间的对抗性修辞关系。第二个连接词所提供的答案比第一个连接词所提供的答案更能说明说话者的沟通目标。回声，缺乏依存感和主题对比标记的共同出现导致了合词之间的对抗性修辞关系。第二个连接词所提供的答案比第一个连接词所提供的答案更能说明说话者的沟通目标。回声，缺乏依存性和对比性主题标记的共同出现导致合词之间的对抗性修辞关系。