This paper uses data from felony jury trials in North Carolina to show that the race and gender composition of the randomly selected jury pool has a significant effect on the probability of conviction, attorneys adjust peremptory-challenge strategies in accordance, and state peremptory challenges have a positive impact on the conviction rate when the defendant is a black male. Jury pools with higher proportions of white men are more likely to convict black male defendants relative to white male defendants. Jury pools with a higher proportion of black men are more likely to acquit all defendants, especially black men. Attorneys use peremptory challenges strategically in accordance with these results, which are robust to a wide set of controls, including county and judge fixed effects. Each state peremptory challenge is correlated with a 2.4–2.9-percentage-point increase in the conviction rate when the defendant is black.

中文翻译：

---

种族，性别和陪审团：北卡罗来纳州的证据

本文使用来自北卡罗来纳州重罪陪审团审判的数据表明，随机选择的陪审团的种族和性别构成对定罪的概率有重大影响，律师会根据此原则调整强制性挑战策略，而州性强制性挑战具有当被告是黑人男性时，对定罪率的积极影响。与白人男性被告相比，白人男性比例较高的陪审团更有可能将黑人男性被告定罪。黑人比例较高的陪审团更可能无罪释放所有被告，尤其是黑人。律师根据这些结果在策略上使用强制性挑战，这些挑战对包括县和法官固定效应在内的广泛控制措施都具有鲁棒性。每个州的强制性挑战都与2.4-2相关。