Although there is no fishing activity within the central Arctic Ocean at present, commercial fishing activity does occur in the high seas areas of the North Atlantic and North Pacific, and within the exclusive economic zone of the Arctic coastal States. Climate change will most probably lead to an increase in fishing activity, through the reduction in sea ice, opening up new areas of the Arctic to fisheries, including the Central Arctic Ocean. This prospect has fuelled intensive negotiations—still ongoing—for the signing of a legally binding agreement to prevent unregulated fisheries therein. What seems missing, though, from both the ongoing negotiations on this agreement and the scholarly literature is reference to fisheries enforcement in the Arctic. Accordingly, this article identifies the most effective tools that could be employed for fisheries enforcement purposes, including port and flag State measures, and addresses their potential application in the Arctic.

中文翻译：

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北冰洋公海渔业执法：欧盟及其成员国的差距、解决方案和潜在贡献

虽然目前北冰洋中部没有捕鱼活动，但在北大西洋和北太平洋公海地区以及北极沿海国家的专属经济区内确实有商业捕鱼活动。通过减少海冰，气候变化很可能会导致渔业活动增加，从而为包括北冰洋中部在内的北极渔业开辟新的领域。这一前景推动了仍在进行中的密集谈判，以签署具有法律约束力的协议，以防止其中的不受管制的渔业。然而，正在进行的关于该协议的谈判和学术文献似乎都缺少对北极渔业执法的提及。因此，