Abstract International trade fell in South Africa from the 1970s to the mid-1990s, and climbed fast thereafter, coinciding with the imposition and later removal of apartheid sanctions. Productivity followed suit. This paper explores the extent to which the increase in trade can account for the increase in productivity after apartheid. I use a model of international trade with innovation and calibrate it to match key macroeconomic variables. Non-tariff barriers, mostly related to apartheid sanctions, account for over half the changes in aggregate productivity. Tariffs play a very minor role, in line with existing studies.

中文翻译：

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种族隔离后的国际贸易与生产力

摘要从1970年代到1990年代中期，南非的国际贸易下降，此后迅速攀升，这与实行种族隔离制裁和后来取消种族隔离制裁相吻合。生产力紧随其后。本文探讨了种族隔离之后贸易增长可以解释生产力提高的程度。我使用具有创新能力的国际贸易模型，并对其进行校准以匹配关键的宏观经济变量。非关税壁垒主要与种族隔离制裁有关，占总生产率变化的一半以上。根据现有的研究，关税只扮演很小的角色。