As an important indicator for measuring the quality of business environment of different countries, ease of doing business (EDB) issued by the World Bank (WB) provides an important reference for investors in making decisions on transnational investment. The calculation method for EDB issued by the WB is improved using a technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) method based on Mahalanobis distance. Based on various indicator data in 2019, business environments in 121 countries participating in “the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)” were empirically analysed and compared through such models. The result showed that TOPSIS method based on Mahalanobis distance can more fully utilise information and take the effect of negative ideal points into account. Therefore, compared with ranking method by the WB, TOPSIS method based on Mahalanobis distance is more applicable for ranking BRI countries. The ranking results indicated significant geographical characteristics. The EDB rankings obtained through the WB overestimate the business environments of countries in Central and Eastern Europe while underestimate those in Southeast Asia, Africa, etc.

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“一带一路”参与国营商环境评价

作为衡量各国营商环境质量的重要指标，世界银行（WB）发布的营商便利度（EDB）为投资者进行跨国投资决策提供了重要参考。WB 发布的 EDB 计算方法是使用基于马哈拉诺比斯距离的相似理想解法（TOPSIS）的顺序偏好技术改进的。基于2019年各项指标数据，通过该模型对121个“一带一路”沿线国家的营商环境进行实证分析比较。结果表明，基于马氏距离的TOPSIS方法能够更充分地利用信息，并能兼顾负理想点的影响。因此，与世界银行的排名方法相比，基于马氏距离的TOPSIS方法更适用于对“一带一路”国家进行排名。排名结果显示出显着的地理特征。通过世界银行获得的EDB排名高估了中东欧国家的营商环境，而低估了东南亚、非洲等国家的营商环境。