The morphological expression of non-verbal predication is a geographically widespread, although not very frequent, typological feature. This paper highlights the existence of two radically contrasting types of non-verbal predicative inflection. Construction A has already been described in the literature. It consists of attaching person-sensitive inflection markers to non-verbal predicates, possibly extending this treatment to adverbs and adverbial phrases (locational and temporal), pronouns and quantifiers. This type is well attested in Uralic, Turkic, and Paleosiberian, as well as in some Amazonian language families (most notably Chicham), but it has also been pointed out for some sparse languages of Oceania and Africa. Such non-verbal person inflections diachronically stem from incorporation of conjugated copula elements. Construction B, by contrast, is much rarer and is described here for the first time. It also consists of a dedicated morphological form of the non-verbal predicate (limited, however, to nouns and adjectives), but such form stands out as morphologically lighter than any other form to be found in nouns or adjectives in argument or attribute position. While the latter forms carry some kind of case marker, the noun/adjective predicate merely consists (or historically did) of the word’s root. This type of construction can be found in the small Zamucoan family and still survives in some Tupi-Guarani languages. Diachronic inspection of Semitic indicates, however, that this predicative strategy was possibly adopted in some ancient varieties, although at later stages it intertwined with the expression of referential specificity. The paper compares the two construction types, highlighting similarities and differences.

中文翻译：

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两种形态学表达的非语言谓词

非语言谓词的形态表达是一种地理上广泛但不常见的类型学特征。本文强调了两种截然不同的非语言谓词屈折的存在。结构A已在文献中描述。它包括将个人敏感的屈折标记附加到非动词谓词，可能会将这种处理扩展到副词和副词短语（位置和时间）、代词和量词。这种类型在乌拉尔语、突厥语和古西伯利亚语以及一些亚马逊语系（最著名的是奇查姆语）中得到了很好的证明，但在大洋洲和非洲的一些稀疏语言中也被指出。这种非语言的人称屈折历时源于共轭系词元素的结合。施工 B, 相比之下，则更为罕见，这里是第一次描述。它还包括非动词谓词的专用形态形式（但是，仅限于名词和形容词），但这种形式在形态上比在论元或属性位置的名词或形容词中发现的任何其他形式更突出。虽然后一种形式带有某种格标记，但名词/形容词谓词仅由（或在历史上确实如此）词根组成。这种类型的建筑可以在小型 Zamucoan 家庭中找到，并且在一些图皮-瓜拉尼语中仍然存在。然而，对闪米特语的历时考察表明，这种预测策略可能在一些古老的变种中被采用，尽管在后期它与指称特异性的表达交织在一起。