This article argues that the logical paraphrases used to describe the meanings of must, need, may, and can obscure the natural-language semantic interaction between these verbs and negation. The purported non-negatability of must is argued to be an illusion created by the indicative-mood paraphrase ‘is necessary’, which treats the necessity as a reality rather than a non-reality. It is proposed that negation coalesces with the modality that must itself expresses to produce a negatively-charged version of must’s modality: the subject of musn’t is represented as being in a state of constraint in which the only possibility open to the subject is oriented in the opposite direction to the realization of the infinitive’s event. The study also constitutes an argument against a lexicalization analysis: in the combination mustn’t, must and not each contribute their own meaning to the resultant sense, but according to their conceptual status as inherently irrealis notions.

中文翻译：

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必须/需要，可能/可以和模态辅助的范围

本文认为，用于描述必须、需要、可能和可以模糊这些动词和否定之间的自然语言语义交互的逻辑释义。所谓的不可否定性被认为是由指示性情绪释义“是必要的”创造的一种幻觉，它将必要性视为现实而不是非现实。有人提出否定与必须本身表达的模态结合以产生必须模态的负电荷版本：musn't 的主语被表示为处于约束状态，其中对主语开放的唯一可能性是定向的与不定式事件的实现相反。该研究还构成了一个反对词汇化分析的论点：在组合中必须不，