Abstract The number of different voice constructions is controversial in Philippine linguistics. There are two approaches to establishing the voice inventory: (1) based on the number of voice affixes; (2) based on semantics of constructions, using opaque definitions of roles without any formal basis. Tagalog data supports neither approach. Many verbal roots form voice paradigms of up to seven members. The ungroundedness in any formal properties in the second approach often leads to different sets of voices with significant subjective variation. This paper suggests employing formal criteria for establishing an exhaustive inventory of semantic roles and voices in Tagalog: (1) Distinct marking in non-subject position; (2) co-occurrence of voice forms in paradigms; (3) co-occurrence of participants in constructions; (4) existence of a co-referential voice form. 16 participants and 13 voices are established in Tagalog, using the suggested criteria, which also provide a possibility for creating a typology of Philippine voice inventories.

中文翻译：

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建立他加禄语语义参与者和声音清单的标准

摘要 在菲律宾语言学中，不同语音结构的数量是有争议的。建立语音清单的方法有两种：（1）基于语音词缀的数量；(2) 基于结构的语义，使用不透明的角色定义，没有任何正式的基础。他加禄语数据不支持这两种方法。许多词根形成多达七个成员的语音范式。第二种方法中任何形式属性的无根据通常会导致具有显着主观差异的不同语音集。本文建议采用正式标准来建立详尽的他加禄语语义角色和声音清单： (1) 在非主语位置上有不同的标记；(2) 范式中语音形式的共现；（三）建设参与者的共现；(4)存在共指语音形式。使用建议的标准，在他加禄语中建立了 16 名参与者和 13 个声音，这也为创建菲律宾声音清单类型提供了可能性。