Abstract Complex phenomena of grammatical tone, well-described for many African languages, are increasingly attested also in the Tibeto-Burman family. This paper describes the tone assignment rule and two cases of tonal expression of grammatical categories in the Tibeto-Burman language Anal. The typologically unusual rule involves tone spreading, tonal polarity on a non-edge constituent and additional spreading, resulting in constant tonal patterns across grammatical suffixes. In two different cases the combination of the tonal pattern assigned by this rule with peculiar morpho-tonological processes results in a marking of a grammatical category (future and 1sg-person) by grammatical tone, by vowel-length, or only by the overall tonal pattern of the verbal form. Both cases are related to the omission of an explicit marking of the category, although the outcome cannot be explained only by the concept of a floating tone.

中文翻译：

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肛门（藏缅语）中的声调分配和语法声调

摘要 语法声调的复杂现象，在许多非洲语言中得到了很好的描述，在藏缅语系中也越来越多地得到证实。本文介绍了藏缅语 Anal 中语法范畴的声调分配规则和两种情况。类型学上不寻常的规则涉及音调扩展、非边缘成分上的音调极性和附加扩展，从而导致语法后缀中的音调模式保持不变。在两种不同的情况下，此规则指定的音调模式与特殊的形态音调过程的组合导致语法类别（future 和 1sg-person）通过语法声调、元音长度或仅通过整体声调进行标记言语形式的模式。这两种情况都与省略明确的类别标记有关，