Abstract This paper makes a contribution to phonological typology by investigating the distribution of affricate-rich languages in Eurasia. It shows that affricate-rich and affricate-dense languages cluster areally within Eurasia and have area-specific histories. In particular, the affricate-rich areas of western Eurasia – a ‘European’ area and a Caucasian area – are not the result of contact-induced sound changes or borrowing, while the two affricate-rich areas of eastern Eurasia – the Hindukush area and the Eastern Himalayan area – are the result of contact. Specifically, affricate-dense areas depend on the emergence of retroflex affricates. Moreover, languages outside these affricate-dense areas tend to lose retroflex affricates.

中文翻译：

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欧亚大陆区域音变与塞擦丰富度的分布类型学

摘要 本文通过调查欧亚大陆富含塞黑语的语言的分布，为语音类型学做出了贡献。这表明富含塞擦音和密集塞擦音的语言在欧亚大陆区域内聚集并具有特定区域的历史。尤其是欧亚大陆西部的塞音丰富的地区——“欧洲”地区和高加索地区——不是接触引起的声音变化或借用的结果，而欧亚大陆东部的两个塞音丰富的地区——兴都库什地区和东喜马拉雅地区——是接触的结果。具体而言，塞擦密集区域取决于卷舌塞擦的出现。此外，在这些塞擦密集区域之外的语言往往会失去卷舌塞擦音。