This paper provides a critical assessment of the New Developmental view summarized in Bresser-Pereira (2016). It is argued that although New Developmentalism correctly observes that Classical Developmentalism underestimated and insufficiently considered the role of demand as a motor of growth (this critique also applies to modern Schumpeterian views), New Developmentalism theoretically reduces or explains changes in quantities (in particular external demand) to the price mechanism (in particular the exchange rate). It is argued that the New Developmental narrative of comparative development underestimates the role of industrial policy and domestic demand in increasing productivity. Instead, New Developmentalism makes the real exchange rate the main lever for investment, structural change, and productivity growth. At the same time, New Developmentalism's description of some development trajectories is actually (though it is unacknowledged) closer to Classical Developmentalism, modern Institutionalism, and Schumpeterian thinking. Those intellectual traditions argue that development and structural change require strategic policies which go far beyond managing macroeconomic prices. Classification†JEL: O1, O11, O14, O24, O25

中文翻译：

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对新发展主义的结构主义和制度主义发展评估和反应

本文对 Bresser-Pereira (2016) 中总结的新发展观点进行了批判性评估。有人认为，尽管新发展主义正确地观察到古典发展主义低估并没有充分考虑需求作为增长动力的作用（这种批评也适用于现代熊彼特的观点），但新发展主义在理论上减少或解释了数量的变化（特别是外部需求) 到价格机制（特别是汇率）。有人认为，比较发展的新发展叙事低估了产业政策和国内需求在提高生产力方面的作用。相反，新发展主义使实际汇率成为投资、结构变化和生产率增长的主要杠杆。同时，新发展主义对某些发展轨迹的描述实际上（尽管未被承认）更接近于古典发展主义、现代制度主义和熊彼特思想。这些知识分子传统认为，发展和结构变化需要远远超出管理宏观经济价格的战略政策。分类 – JEL：O1、O11、O14、O24、O25