Abstract This study makes a foray into the politeness strategies used by English learners of Spanish by comparing a corpus of invitations and requests recorded by 14 adult English learners of beginner-level Spanish as part of their course assignment to the data recorded by 12 native speakers. The native speakers’ data was collected using discourse completion tests, which elicited offers and requests in scenarios controlled for social distance, power, and the cost of the request or offer. All the data was analysed pragmatically, by quantifying the occurrence of politeness strategies, and phonologically, by transcribing pitch accents and boundary tones in line with the guidelines of the Autosegmental Metrical framework. The results show that, depending on the situation, native speakers combine the use of different lexical and morpho-syntactic devices with the use of specific intonational patterns. Most learners at beginner level correctly use a limited range of morpho-syntactic politeness strategies appropriate to their level, and these are frequently reinforced with intonation. However, our data also show that beginner learners often transfer the intonational patterns of their first language.

中文翻译：

---

L1和L2西班牙语的国际语音和礼貌

摘要本研究通过比较14名成年英语水平的成年英语学习者记录的邀请和请求的语料库，作为他们课程分配的一部分，与12位以母语为母语的英语学习者的数据进行比较，从而研究西班牙语的英语学习者所使用的礼貌策略。母语使用者的数据是使用话语完成测试收集的，该测试在受社交距离，权力和请求或要约成本控制的情况下引发了要约和请求。通过量化礼节性策略的出现，对所有数据进行了务实的分析，而语音学方面的，则是根据自动段度量框架的指导来抄写音高和边界音调。结果表明，根据情况，讲母语的人结合使用不同的词汇和语素句法手段以及使用特定的民族模式。大多数初学者的学习者正确地使用了适合他们水平的有限范围的语素-句法礼貌策略，并且经常会因语调而增强。但是，我们的数据还表明，初学者经常将其母语的国际模式转移。