Abstract Over the years, linguists have borrowed from other allied fields, including speech events from cultural anthropology, schema theory from psychology, speech acts from philosophy, and conversational strategies from rhetoric. In analyzing large and continuous chunks of conversational data, the first and most important of these borrowings is the speech event, for it sets the stage in which the other language elements are embedded and provides a useful sequence for analyzing everything else, including the conventional linguistic tools of the grammar and lexicon. The present paper represents the optimal sequence of analysis as an Inverted Pyramid, starting with the speech event and then moving down the order to schemas, agendas, speech acts, conversational strategies, and finally to the grammar and lexicon that are embedded within each other. Two prominent criminal law investigations are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the Inverted Pyramid approach for understanding this evidence.

中文翻译：

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跨学科借用的重要性

摘要 多年来，语言学家借鉴了其他相关领域，包括文化人类学的言语事件、心理学的图式理论、哲学的言语行为和修辞学的会话策略。在分析大量连续的会话数据时，这些借用中的第一个也是最重要的就是语音事件，因为它设置了嵌入其他语言元素的阶段，并为分析其他所有内容提供了有用的序列，包括传统的语言语法和词典的工具。本文将最佳分析序列表示为倒金字塔，从语音事件开始，然后向下移动到图式、议程、语音行为、会话策略，最后到相互嵌入的语法和词汇。