Contrary to the belief that political speech structure is universal (Atkinson, 1984a), recent research has revealed that Japanese speech rhetoric and audience behaviour (Bull & Feldman, 2011) are fundamentally different to those found in British political speeches (Heritage & Greatbatch, 1986). To contribute to the cross-cultural understanding of speechmaking, this study examined speaker-audience communication patterns in ten speeches by the second-round candidates of the 2012 French presidential elections (Francois Hollande; Nicolas Sarkozy). Analogous to the British, the French speech style demonstrated higher ‘implicit’ response invitations and asynchrony in speaker-audience turn-taking, contrasting with Japanese ‘explicit’ invitations and synchrony. These results were interpreted using Hofstede’s (2001) individualism-collectivism cultural dimensions. Dissimilarities in audience responses between the two candidates were also identified, and were suggested to parallel political division in France. To conclude, French speakers utilised individualistic speechmaking, and the possibility of a relationship between audience behaviour and party affiliation was put forward.

中文翻译：

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秩序混乱

与认为政治演讲结构是普遍的（Atkinson，1984a）相反，最近的研究表明，日本的演讲修辞和听众行为（Bull & Feldman，2011）与英国政治演讲中的那些（Heritage & Greatbatch，1986）有着根本的不同）。为了促进对演讲的跨文化理解，本研究检查了 2012 年法国总统选举第二轮候选人（弗朗索瓦·奥朗德；尼古拉·萨科齐）的十次演讲中的演讲者与听众的交流模式。与英国人类似，法国演讲风格在演讲者-听众轮换中表现出更高的“隐式”响应邀请和异步性，与日本的“显式”邀请和同步性形成对比。这些结果是使用 Hofstede (2001) 个人主义-集体主义文化维度来解释的。还确定了两位候选人之间观众反应的差异，并建议在法国平行政治分裂。最后，法语演讲者利用个人主义演讲，提出了听众行为与党派关系的可能性。