Abstract Slurs such as chink and gook are linguistic expressions that are primarily used to derogate certain group members for their descriptive attributes (such as their ethnicity) and are often considered the most offensive of expressions. Recent work on the semantics and pragmatics of slurs has illuminated several important facts regarding their meaning and use – including that slurs are commonly understood to felicitously apply towards some targets yet not others, that slurs are among the most potentially offensive expressions afforded by natural language, and that slurs are often flexibly employed and of potential use, not only derogatorily to convey offense towards out-group members, but also non-derogatorily to convey affiliation with in-group members or to diminish the derogatory force that the slur is typically understood to carry. Nonetheless, prior scholarship has unfortunately restricted itself primarily to considerations of slurs that typically target members of other groups. Since no account of slurs for Asian-Americans has so far been proposed, the aim of this article is therefore to provide the first systematic and empirically informed analysis of slurs for Asian-Americans that accounts for both their derogatory and appropriative (non-derogatory) use.

中文翻译：

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美国的亚洲诽谤和刻板印象

摘要 诸如 chink 和 gook 之类的诽谤是语言表达，主要用于贬低某些群体成员的描述性属性（例如他们的种族），通常被认为是最具攻击性的表达。最近关于诽谤的语义和语用学的研究阐明了关于其含义和使用的几个重要事实——包括通常理解的诽谤适用于某些目标而不是其他目标，诽谤是自然语言提供的最有潜在攻击性的表达之一，并且诽谤通常被灵活地使用并具有潜在用途，不仅贬损地表达对组外成员的冒犯，而且非贬损地表达与组内成员的从属关系或减少诽谤通常被理解的贬义力量携带。尽管如此，不幸的是，先前的学术研究主要限于考虑通常针对其他群体成员的诽谤。由于到目前为止还没有提出对亚裔美国人的诽谤的解释，因此本文的目的是对亚裔美国人的诽谤提供第一个系统的、有经验的分析，其中解释了他们的贬义和挪用（非贬义）用。