Abstract This article compares variation in the use of address practices across languages (Swedish, Finnish) and national varieties (Sweden Swedish, Finland Swedish). It undertakes quantitative and qualitative analyses of three sets of transcribed medical consultations. In Sweden Swedish, address pronouns which lower social distance overwhelmingly dominate. In Finnish, both address forms reducing social distance and practices maintaining greater distance are found, with age and level of acquaintance revealed as the most salient factors. Finland Swedish is located somewhere between Sweden Swedish and Finnish, displaying a stronger tendency than Finnish to use informal direct address forms to reduce social distance, but also showing similarities with Finnish in the use of direct formal address and indirect address. The differences can be related to larger socio-cultural patterns which, however, form a continuum rather than a fixed set keeping the two languages and countries completely apart.

中文翻译：

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跨语言和国家的地址惯例的差异

摘要本文比较了多种语言（瑞典语，芬兰语）和国家语言（瑞典语瑞典语，芬兰语瑞典语）在称呼习惯使用上的差异。它对三组转录的医疗咨询进行定量和定性分析。在瑞典，瑞典人使用的代词以较低的社会距离占绝对优势。在芬兰语中，发现了两种减少社交距离的地址形式和保持更大距离的做法，其中年龄和相识程度是最明显的因素。芬兰瑞典人位于瑞典瑞典人和芬兰人之间的某个地方，这显示出比芬兰人更倾向于使用非正式的直接称呼形式来减少社会距离，但在使用直接正式称呼和间接称呼方面也表现出与芬兰的相似之处。