Abstract There is a consensus in the literature that a negative polarity item is an expression that requires a licenser varying from overt negation to questions or conditionals (see Benmamoun 1997; Kelepir 2001; Kumar 2006; Kural 1997; Laka 2013; Mahajan 1990; Vasishth 1999). However, the licensing conditions of NPIs might have different accounts, which has not been fully discussed within the literature. This study aims to discuss whether phasemateness (in the sense of Chomsky 2001 and further) might have a direct influence on NPI-licensing. Based on preliminary observations, the fact that the derivation will crash if a domain containing negative polarity items is spelled out before being licensed by a negative verb suggests that licensing of negative polarity items may have to do with their positions in the derivation in coordination with the accessibility of the spell-out domains as well as with asymmetrical c-command relationships. The analysis has also an extension and an implication as to such theoretical problem as phasehood of DPs.

中文翻译：

---

土耳其非营利机构许可的分阶段账户

摘要在文献中有一个共识，即负极性项目是一种要求许可人的表达，从明显的否定到问题或条件（见Benmamoun 1997; Kelepir 2001; Kumar 2006; Kural 1997; Laka 2013; Mahajan 1990; Vasishth 1999）不等。 ）。但是，非营利机构的许可条件可能有不同的说明，文献中尚未对此进行充分讨论。这项研究的目的是讨论阶段性（在Chomsky 2001及以后的意义上）是否可能对NPI许可产生直接影响。根据初步观察，如果在由否定动词获得许可之前先拼写出包含负极性项目的域，则派生会崩溃，这一事实表明，负极性项目的许可可能与它们在派生中的位置有关，并且与拼写的可及性相协调-外域以及具有不对称的c命令关系。该分析对于诸如DP的相位性之类的理论问题也有扩展和暗示。