Abstract Grammaticalised reciprocal markers in Germanic derive from combinations of a quantifier and the alterity word ‘other’, elaborating on a minimalist strategy of identical NP repetition suggesting rather than expressing reciprocity (‘earl[s] hated earl[s]’). Subserved by quantifier floating, they develop fromfree to tighter syntactic combinations and eventually intomorphological units, tending towards complete inflectional deactivation. Sooner or later in all Germanic languages, the quantifier part of the reciprocal gets inside prepositional phrases (‘earls fought each/one with other’> ‘earls fought with each/one other’). German continues this fusional theme by combining the reciprocal with prepositions in compounds; and in Bavarian it eventually gets reduced further to a bound stem limited to (partly lexicalised) combinations with a preposition, thus being barred from the direct object relation, unlike the reflexive. In tracing this overall diachronic scenario, the question is raised of the pronominality (or pro-NP-hood) of reciprocals in Germanic. It is argued that, regardless of their nominal and referential source, reciprocals here strongly incline towards becoming adverbs of attenuated, situational rather than personal reference, highlighting the relational (role reversal) rather than the (co-)referential component of reciprocity, as is common also elsewhere.

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关于巴伐利亚式互惠形式在日耳曼语中的起源，进展和代词地位的思考

摘要日耳曼语中的语法化互惠标记源自量词和变化词“ other”的组合，详细说明了相同NP重复的极简策略，建议而不是表达互惠（“ earl [s] hated Earl [s]”）。在量词浮动的支持下，它们从自由的语法组合发展为更紧密的语法组合，最终演变为形态学单元，趋向于完全屈折变形。在所有日耳曼语系语言中，或早或晚，互惠词的量词部分都处在介词短语中（“伯爵互相/彼此搏斗”>“伯爵互相/彼此搏斗”）。德语通过将倒数与介词在化合物中结合来继续这个融合主题。在巴伐利亚语系中，它最终进一步简化为仅限于介词词组（仅限于词法化）的结合词干，因此与自反关系不同，它被禁止直接宾语关系。在追溯这种总体历时性情况时，人们提出了日耳曼语中倒数的代词性（或亲NP性）的问题。有人认为，互惠者无论其名义和参照来源如何，都强烈倾向于成为弱化，情境而非个人参照的副词，强调了相互关系（角色颠倒）而不是互惠（共同）指称成分。在其他地方也很常见。有人提出了日耳曼语中倒数的代名词（或NP-亲）的问题。有人认为，互惠者无论其名义和参照来源如何，都强烈倾向于成为弱化，情境而非个人参照的副词，强调了相互关系（角色颠倒）而不是互惠（共同）指称成分。在其他地方也很常见。有人提出了日耳曼语中倒数的代名词（或亲NP-hood）的问题。有人认为，互惠者无论其名义和参照来源如何，都强烈倾向于成为弱化，情境而非个人参照的副词，强调了相互关系（角色颠倒）而不是互惠（共同）指称成分。在其他地方也很常见。