Abstract Nakh-Daghestanian languages have encountered growing interest from typologists and linguists from other subdiscplines, and more and more languages from the Nakh-Daghestanian language family are being studied. This paper provides a grammatical overview of the hitherto undescribed Sanzhi Dargwa language, followed by a detailed analysis of the grammaticalized expression of spatial elevation in Sanzhi. Spatial elevation, a topic that has not received substantial attention in Caucasian linguistics, manifests itself across different parts of speech in Sanzhi Dargwa and related languages. In Sanzhi, elevation is a deictic category in partial opposition with participant-oriented deixis/horizontally-oriented directional deixis. This paper treats the spatial uses of demonstratives, spatial preverbs and spatial cases that express elevation as well as the semantic extension of this spatial category into other, non-spatial domains. It further compares the Sanzhi data to other Caucasian and non-Caucasian languages and makes suggestions for investigating elevation as a subcategory within a broader category of topographical deixis.

中文翻译：

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海拔作为一种语法类别：Sanzhi Dargwa及以后

摘要Nakh-Daghestanian语言受到其他子学科的打字员和语言学家的浓厚兴趣，并且正在研究Nakh-Daghestanian语言族的越来越多的语言。本文提供了迄今为止未描述的Sanzhi Dargwa语言的语法概述，然后详细分析了Sanzhi中空间海拔的语法表达。空间高度是白种人语言学中尚未引起广泛关注的一个话题，它在三枝达格瓦语和相关语言的不同词性中表现出来。在三至，高程是与参与者导向的地标/水平导向的地标部分对立的一种专门的类别。本文探讨了指示语的空间用途，表达高程的空间前言和空间格以及该空间类别在其他非空间域中的语义扩展。它进一步将Sanzhi数据与其他高加索人和非高加索人的语言进行了比较，并提出了建议，以调查海拔作为更广泛的地形象素类别中的一个子类别。