Abstract The present study investigates whether prior experience with formal study of an L2 influences L3 Korean learners’ Type 1 variation (i.e., use of obligatory forms) and Type 2 variation (i.e., variation between alternative acceptable variants). The patterns of variation in Korean argument realization of early bilingual learners (English-Chinese/Malay/Indonesian/Tamil) of L3 Korean were assessed in light of the distribution of variants present in classroom input, learners’ prior L2 learning experience and home language background, argument animacy and number, and familiarity of verb structure type. Our findings demonstrate that prior experience with a typologically-similar L2 facilitates acquisition of grammatical patterns as well as acquisition of native-like patterns of variation between grammatical forms that are constrained by a range of internal linguistic factors. Any L2 experience, regardless of typological proximity, is found to facilitate acquisition of internal linguistic constraints, but not acquisition of grammatical patterns.

中文翻译：

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早期双语者L3变异的习得

摘要 本研究调查了先前对 L2 正式学习的经验是否会影响 L3 韩语学习者的类型 1 变体（即使用强制形式）和类型 2 变体（即替代可接受变体之间的变体）。根据课堂输入中存在的变体分布、学习者先前的 L2 学习经验和家庭语言背景，评估了 L3 韩语早期双语学习者（英语-汉语/马来语/印度尼西亚语/泰米尔语）的韩语论证实现的变化模式，参数的生动性和数量，以及动词结构类型的熟悉程度。我们的研究结果表明，在类型学上相似的 L2 的先前经验有助于获得语法模式以及获得受一系列内部语言因素约束的语法形式之间的类似母语的变化模式。发现任何 L2 经验，无论类型上的接近程度如何，都有助于获得内部语言限制，但不利于获得语法模式。