The Interface Hypothesis (IH) ( Sorace, 2011 ; Sorace & Filiaci, 2006 ; Sorace & Serratrice, 2009 ) proposes that structures involving an interface between syntax and other modules are less likely to be fully acquired. Whereas some studies have found evidence in favor of the IH ( Michnowicz, 2015 ), others have reported that adult 2L1 and L2 speakers of differing proficiencies are equally efficient in acquiring the pragmatic constraints conditioning Subject Pronoun Expression (SPE) ( Carvalho & Bessett, 2015 ; Prada-Perez, 2015 ). In light of these contradictory results, this study tests the IH by exploring the acquisition of Basque SPE using naturally-occurring speech from 25 Basque-Spanish bilinguals. Results show that Basque L2-learners are responsive to discourse-pragmatic constraints. In fact, L2-Basque SPE is conditioned by a more complex set of constraints than native Basque SPE, for which we propose that L2 SPE results from a process of complexification ( Dahl, 2004 ), triggered by transfer effects from Spanish.

中文翻译：

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巴斯克语主语代词表达中的双语效应

接口假设 (IH)（Sorace，2011 年；Sorace 和 Filiaci，2006 年；Sorace 和 Serratrice，2009 年）提出，涉及语法和其他模块之间接口的结构不太可能被完全掌握。虽然一些研究发现了支持 IH 的证据（Michnowicz，2015 年），但其他人报告说，不同熟练程度的成人 2L1 和 L2 说话者在获得语用约束条件下主语代词表达（SPE）方面同样有效（Carvalho & Bessett，2015 ；普拉达-佩雷斯，2015 年）。鉴于这些相互矛盾的结果，本研究通过使用来自 25 位巴斯克-西班牙双语者的自然语音探索巴斯克 SPE 的获取来测试 IH。结果表明，巴斯克语 L2 学习者对话语语用约束有反应。实际上，