Abstract The study investigated the capacity of language experiences to predict cognitive performance of bilingual adults, with a special focus on participants’ proactive (mixing costs) and reactive (switching costs) control processes. Using a Language and Social Background Questionnaire, demographic and language data were collected from a linguistically diverse group of 60 bilingual adults residing in Australia. The participants were then tested on a non-verbal switching task. The results of multiple regressions revealed that two of the language variables being examined accounted for the variance in the mixing and switching costs. In particular, reduced mixing costs were related to the use of two languages in a dual-language context and earlier onset age of active bilingualism; reduced switching costs were linked to a dual-language context only. These findings reveal that bilingual experiences contribute to shaping proactive and reactive control processes across cognitive domains.

中文翻译：

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双语促进认知控制的维度

摘要 该研究调查了语言体验预测双语成人认知表现的能力，特别关注参与者的主动（混合成本）和被动（转换成本）控制过程。使用语言和社会背景调查问卷，从居住在澳大利亚的 60 名双语成年人组成的语言多样化群体中收集了人口统计和语言数据。然后参与者接受了非语言转换任务的测试。多元回归的结果表明，被检查的两个语言变量解释了混合和转换成本的差异。特别是，混合成本的降低与在双语环境中使用两种语言以及活跃双语的早期发病年龄有关；转换成本的降低仅与双语环境有关。