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Ethnolinguistic dilemma and static maintenance syndrome
Language Problems and Language Planning ( IF 0.4 ) Pub Date : 2017-07-20 , DOI: 10.1075/lplp.41.1.04man
Syed Abdul Manan 1 , Maya Khemlani David 2 , Francisco Perlas Dumanig 2
Affiliation  

Only two out of over 70 indigenous mother tongues are recognized in schools in Pakistan. This study examines orientations of the governments’ language-in-education policies, and scrutinizes the influence the policies exert on vitality of indigenous mother tongues, and the perceptions of their speakers. Using undergraduate students as samples, the study employed mixed-method for data collection. Linguistic diversity and multilingualism have been looked upon as problem than asset in successive government policies. We find that although indigenous mother tongues enjoy strong roots and oral presence in informal private domains; however, they suffer from acute shrinkage in more literate domains such as schools and different media as majority of respondents passively assimilate towards Urdu and English languages. Language policies and current linguistic hierarchy appear to have exerted appreciable effect on respondents’ attitudinal and cultural orientations. Although, respondents demonstrate sentimental attachment towards their languages as cultural and identity signifiers; however, they overwhelmingly support English and Urdu as their desired languages-in-education leaving their own mother-tongues marginalized. Respondents’ approach is marked by ‘static maintenance syndrome, an attitudinal conundrum, in which they rationalize the ‘supposed inferiority of their languages’ vis-a-vis English (the official) and Urdu (the national) languages. Top-down and bottom-up orientations are characterized by neglect towards linguistic diversity.

中文翻译:

民族语言困境和静态维持综合症

巴基斯坦的学校只承认 70 多种土著母语中的两种。本研究考察了政府语言教育政策的方向,并审视了这些政策对土著母语活力的影响,以及母语使用者的看法。该研究以本科生为样本,采用混合方法收集数据。在连续的政府政策中,语言多样性和使用多种语言被视为问题而非资产。我们发现,虽然土著母语在非正式的私人领域拥有强大的根基和口头存在;然而,由于大多数受访者被动地接受乌尔都语和英语,因此他们在学校和不同媒体等更识字的领域急剧萎缩。语言政策和当前的语言等级似乎对受访者的态度和文化取向产生了显着影响。虽然,受访者表现出对他们的语言作为文化和身份能指的情感依恋;然而,他们压倒性地支持英语和乌尔都语作为他们想要的教育语言,使他们自己的母语被边缘化。受访者的方法以“静态维持综合症”为特征,这是一个态度难题,他们将“他们的语言的假定劣势”与英语(官方)和乌尔都语(国家)语言相比合理化。自上而下和自下而上的取向的特点是忽视语言多样性。受访者表现出对他们的语言作为文化和身份能指的情感依恋;然而,他们压倒性地支持英语和乌尔都语作为他们想要的教育语言,而让他们自己的母语被边缘化。受访者的方法以“静态维持综合症”为特征,这是一个态度难题,他们将“他们的语言的假定劣势”与英语(官方)和乌尔都语(国家)语言相比合理化。自上而下和自下而上的取向的特点是忽视语言多样性。受访者表现出对他们的语言作为文化和身份能指的情感依恋;然而,他们压倒性地支持英语和乌尔都语作为他们想要的教育语言,而让他们自己的母语被边缘化。受访者的方法以“静态维持综合症”为特征,这是一个态度难题,他们将“他们的语言的假定劣势”与英语(官方)和乌尔都语(国家)语言相比合理化。自上而下和自下而上的取向的特点是忽视语言多样性。受访者的方法以“静态维持综合症”为特征,这是一个态度难题,他们将“他们的语言的假定劣势”与英语(官方)和乌尔都语(国家)语言相比合理化。自上而下和自下而上的取向的特点是忽视语言多样性。受访者的方法以“静态维持综合症”为特征,这是一个态度难题,他们将“他们的语言的假定劣势”与英语(官方)和乌尔都语(国家)语言相比合理化。自上而下和自下而上的取向的特点是忽视语言多样性。
更新日期:2017-07-20
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