Obtaining valid stated preference welfare estimates for changes in biophysical systems requires identification of the ecological endpoints valued by respondents. Challenges for scenario design can occur if endpoints differ across respondents, because it may be infeasible to provide scenario information on all possible endpoints. We explore an approach to choice experiments that tailors attributes to empirically identified population groups. Results suggest that different endpoints are relevant to different groups, and that one-size-fits-all scenarios common in the literature may not enable valid welfare estimation for all groups. These findings suggest that endpoint heterogeneity should be considered when designing valuation studies. (JEL Q51)

中文翻译：

---

一种尺寸真的适合所有人吗？既定偏好福利分析中的生态终点异质性

为生物物理系统的变化获得有效的既定偏好福利估计需要确定受访者重视的生态终点。如果受访者的端点不同，则场景设计可能会遇到挑战，因为提供所有可能端点的场景信息可能是不可行的。我们探索了一种选择实验的方法，该方法可以根据经验确定的人群定制属性。结果表明，不同的终点与不同的群体相关，并且文献中常见的一刀切场景可能无法对所有群体进行有效的福利估计。这些发现表明，在设计估值研究时应考虑终点异质性。(JEL Q51)