Recognition proficiency was measured in a lexical decision experiment using Korean words including ones that are stereotypically associated with younger or older people. Both accuracy rates and response times were significantly improved when a word was spoken in a voice whose age matched the age category of the word based on stereotype-based age rating. Accuracy rates were also significantly improved when a word was spoken in a voice whose age matched the frequency-based age category, although the effect on response times was marginal. The results are discussed in the context of an exemplar-based account incorporating social exemplar activation. First, the activation of social information is influenced by distributional properties of lexical use across social groups, indicating that social information of speakers is not only linked to sub-lexical representations as shown in previous studies, but also directly linked to lexical representations through social indices. Furthermore, the presence of an additional effect of stereotypes expands our understanding of the speech perception mechanism, suggesting that the social indices are enhanced by stereotypical associations between words and age categories. When listening to words with a wide spectrum of age-related variability, word-stereotypes activate social information, guiding to the lexical representations via social indices.

中文翻译：

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词与说话人年龄之间的感知关联

在使用韩语单词的词汇决策实验中测量识别能力，包括与年轻人或老年人相关的刻板印象。根据基于刻板印象的年龄分级，当以年龄与该词的年龄类别相匹配的声音说出一个词时，准确率和响应时间都显着提高。当以年龄与基于频率的年龄类别相匹配的声音说出单词时，准确率也显着提高，尽管对响应时间的影响很小。结果在结合社会范例激活的基于范例的帐户的上下文中进行讨论。首先，社会信息的激活受到跨社会群体词汇使用分布特性的影响，表明说话者的社会信息不仅与先前研究中所示的亚词汇表征相关，而且还通过社会指数与词汇表征直接相关。此外，刻板印象的额外影响的存在扩展了我们对语音感知机制的理解，表明社会指数通过单词和年龄类别之间的刻板印象关联得到增强。在聆听具有广泛的与年龄相关的可变性的单词时，单词刻板印象会激活社会信息，通过社会索引引导词汇表示。刻板印象的额外影响的存在扩展了我们对语音感知机制的理解，这表明社会指数通过单词和年龄类别之间的刻板印象关联得到增强。在聆听具有广泛的年龄相关变异性的单词时，单词刻板印象会激活社会信息，通过社会索引引导词汇表示。刻板印象的额外影响的存在扩展了我们对言语感知机制的理解，这表明社会指数通过单词和年龄类别之间的刻板印象关联得到增强。在聆听具有广泛的与年龄相关的可变性的单词时，单词刻板印象会激活社会信息，通过社会索引引导词汇表示。