Abstract There has been a great deal of research on impoliteness focusing on one particular language or cross-cultural differences between languages (e.g. Bousfield 2008; Bousfield and Locher 2008; Culpeper 2005, 2009; Haugh 2007, 2011; Kienpointner 1997). However, much less attention has been paid to impoliteness in intercultural communication in which all or some speakers communicate in a language other than their native tongue. On the basis of research on L1s and cross-cultural analysis of impoliteness, most of the researchers (e.g. Culpeper 2005, 2009, Haugh 2011; Watts 2003) in the field seem to agree that no act is inherently impolite, and that such an interpretation depends on the context or speech situation that affects interpretation (see Culpeper 2009). The paper will examine this context-dependency in intercultural communication where interlocutors cannot always rely on much existing common ground, shared knowledge and conventionalized context but need to co-construct most of those in the communicative process. It will be argued that limited shared knowledge and common ground may restrict the interpretation process to the propositional content of utterances, which may result in an increase in the actual situational context-creating power of utterances. Recent research (e.g. Abel 2003; Bortfeld 2002, 2003; Cieślicka 2004, 2006; House 2002, 2003; Kecskes 2007) demonstrated that in intercultural communication the most salient interpretation for non-native speakers is usually the propositional meaning of an utterance. So interpretation generally depends on what the utterance says rather than on what it actually communicates. As a consequence of their taking propositional meaning for the actual meaning of an utterance, interlocutors are sometimes unaware of impoliteness conveyed implicitly or through paralinguistic means.

中文翻译：

---

跨文化交际中的语境依赖性和不礼貌

摘要大量关于不礼貌的研究集中在一种特定的语言或语言之间的跨文化差异上（例如Bousfield 2008； Bousfield和Locher 2008； Culpeper 2005，2009； Haugh 2007，2011； Kienpointner 1997）。但是，人们很少注意跨文化交流中的不礼貌，在这种文化中，所有或某些说话者使用母语以外的其他语言进行交流。根据对L1的研究和对不礼貌的跨文化分析，该领域的大多数研究人员（例如Culpeper 2005、2009，Haugh 2011； Watts 2003）似乎同意没有任何行为本质上是不礼貌的，并且这种解释取决于影响解释的语境或言语情境（请参阅Culpeper 2009）。本文将研究跨文化交流中的这种环境依赖性，在这种文化中，对话者不能总是依靠很多现有的共同点，共享知识和传统语境，而需要在交流过程中共同构建大多数内容。将会争论的是，有限的共享知识和共同基础可能将解释过程限制在话语的命题内容上，这可能导致话语在实际情况中产生情境的能力增强。最近的研究（例如Abel，2003； Bortfeld，2002，2003；Cieślicka，2004，2006； House，2002，2003； Kecskes，2007）表明，在跨文化交际中，非母语人士最显着的解释通常是话语的命题含义。因此，解释通常取决于说话的内容，而不是其实际传达的内容。由于对话者对话语的实际含义具有命题意义，因此对话者有时不知道隐含或通过副语言手段传达的不礼貌。