Abstract The Late Ramesside Letters, a corpus of over 70 personal communications written in Late Egyptian, form one of the most complete letter collections from ancient Egypt (c. 1099–1069 BCE). A key feature of ancient Egyptian letter writing is the adherence to the social positions of, and relationships between, the interlocutors, allowing scholars to reconstruct the hierarchical network of individuals directly and indirectly included in the corpus. From this understanding, how can modern scholars discern what was considered to be ‘polite’ communicative behaviour within these relationships and how can developments in historical politeness help us do this? This article will explore three case studies surrounding different aspects of politeness research: first-order politeness, facework, and discernment politeness in order to explore the phenomenon of ‘politeness’ in Late Egyptian and reflect on the suitability of current politeness frameworks for the analysis of the Late Ramesside Letters.

中文翻译：

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像埃及人一样礼貌吗？拉美赛德后期信件中的礼貌案例研究

摘要拉姆塞德后期信件是由70多个晚期埃及人撰写的个人通讯集，构成了古埃及最完整的信件收藏之一（约公元前1099年至1069年）。古埃及文字书写的一个关键特征是对话者的社会地位及其之间的关系的坚持，使学者能够直接或间接地重建语料库中包含的个体的等级网络。从这种理解中，现代学者如何辨别在这些关系中被认为是“礼貌”的交往行为，历史礼貌的发展如何帮助我们做到这一点？本文将围绕礼貌研究的不同方面探讨三个案例研究：一阶礼貌，面部表情，