Abstract In this article we take a neo-Peircean semiotic approach to analyzing an interaction in which a routine bail hearing between a defendant and a judge goes awry. Neo-Peircean semiotics is steadily gaining recognition within linguistics for providing a new perspective on meaning. One neo-Peircean approach, referred to as Relationship Thinking (Enfield 2009, 2013), has the potential to be influential for politeness research and linguistic pragmatics generally. In this article, we explore how the concept of relationship can be used to explore meaning on two dimensions: residential and representational (Kockelman 2006a, 2006b). It is our contention that both of these dimensions are crucial to developing an understanding of what happens in the courtroom data on which this special issue focusses. We begin by providing a detailed overview of neo-Peircean semiotics in order to demonstrate its utility for researchers from different disciplines. We then show how a neo-Peircean analytical approach can illuminate elements of data that may not be accounted for in other analyses. This is as a consequence of the neo-Peircean framework’s scope and its capacity for coping with a range of interactionally significant phenomena, from individual linguistic tokens to institutional norms. In our analysis of the data at the heart of this special issue, the Penelope Soto case, we show that problems can arise when interactants have different understandings of what is a sign and what is an interpretant (Peirce 1955). We make the case that it is a misunderstanding at this level (specifically the interpretations of the word “value”) that is ultimately what causes the interaction to conclude in the way that it does. Ultimately, we suggest that a neo-Peircean approach to the study of in/appropriate behaviour can facilitate links between the traditional (and sometimes disparate) methods of analysis used in politeness research.

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法庭数据和礼貌研究：人际语用学中的新皮尔斯符号学案例

摘要在本文中，我们采用了一种新皮尔斯式的符号学方法来分析一种相互作用，在这种相互作用中，被告和法官之间的例行保释听证会出现问题。新皮尔士的符号学在语言学领域正在不断获得认可，以提供一种新的意义视角。一种新皮尔斯式的方法，被称为“关系思维”（Enfield 2009，2013），有可能对礼貌研究和语言实用主义产生总体影响。在本文中，我们探讨了关系的概念如何用于探讨两个维度的含义：居住的和代表的（Kockelman 2006a，2006b）。我们认为，这两个维度对于理解这一特殊问题所关注的法庭数据中发生的情况至关重要。我们首先提供新皮埃尔斯符号学的详细概述，以证明其对来自不同学科的研究人员的效用。然后，我们展示了新皮尔士分析方法如何阐明其他分析中可能未解释的数据元素。这是新皮尔士框架的范围及其应对从个人语言标记到制度规范等一系列相互作用重大现象的能力的结果。在我们对这个特殊问题的核心数据（佩内洛普·索托案例）的分析中，我们表明，当交互者对什么是符号和什么是解释者有不同的理解时，就会出现问题（Peirce 1955）。我们认为，在这个级别上的误解（特别是对“价值”一词的解释）最终导致了交互以交互方式完成。最终，我们建议采用新皮尔斯式的方法来研究不良行为/适当行为，可以促进礼貌研究中使用的传统（有时是不同的）分析方法之间的联系。