This study gives an account of what Ghanaians perceive as politeness in their daily interactions by gathering data from interviews granted by residents of Accra, Kumasi and Ho. The residents selected as respondents are people whose ages are above fifty years and who have lived in any of the communities for at least twenty years. The study shows that among Ghanaians, politeness is the use of any communicative behaviour that expresses respect or deference. Some of such communicative behaviours identified are greetings, the use of titles and honorifics, the use of “please” and “thank you”, the use of “a soft voice” and being silent as and when necessary. Although the communicative behaviours that manifest politeness usually involve speech, politeness can be also be achieved by employing paralinguistic and extralinguistic features like soft voice and silence. This confirms Culpeper’s (2005) assertion that the communicative resources for politeness or impoliteness extend well beyond grammar and lexicon.

中文翻译：

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有礼貌的出现：非手动功能如何传达英国手语中的礼貌

这项研究通过收集阿克拉，库马西和何阿居民的访谈数据，加纳人在日常交往中认为礼貌。被选为受访者的居民是年龄在50岁以上且在任何社区中居住至少20年的人。研究表明，在加纳人中，礼貌是对表达尊重或尊重的任何交流行为的使用。确定的这种交流行为包括问候，称呼和称赞的使用，“请”和“谢谢”的使用，“柔和的声音”的使用以及在必要时保持沉默。尽管表现出礼貌的交际行为通常涉及言语，礼貌也可以通过使用诸如轻声和沉默之类的副语言和外语言特征来实现。这证实了Culpeper（2005）的断言，礼貌或不礼貌的交流资源远远超出了语法和词典。