Theories about the origin of the Spanish-lexified creoles of the Philippines known as Chabacano have been based on scarce historical samples. This article presents two early Chabacano texts that are more than twenty years older than the ones that have been available so far: ‘ La Buyera ’, from 1859, and ‘ Juancho ’, from 1860. Based on a comparison with historical and contemporary sources pertaining to Philippine-Spanish contact varieties, the texts are placed in their linguistic and sociohistorical context. A linguistic analysis of the texts reveals a clear pattern of creole features and suggests that there was probably sociolinguistically motivated variation in different settings where the Chabacano varieties emerged. The results of the analysis confirm that Chabacano existed as a crystallized variety by at least the mid-19th century and was not restricted to interactions between servants and Spanish-speaking masters or to commercial contexts. Rather, it was already a language used for social and intimate relations and daily interactions in diverse neighborhoods of Manila.

中文翻译：

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查巴卡诺历史的新窗口

关于菲律宾西班牙语的克里奥尔语克里奥尔语的起源的理论被称为查巴卡诺（Chabacano），其依据是稀少的历史样本。本文介绍了两个早于至今的Chabacano文本，它们比迄今可用的文本早了二十多年：“ La Buyera”（1859年）和“ Juancho”（1860年）。与相关历史和现代资料的比较对于菲律宾和西班牙的联系方式，这些文本被置于其语言和社会历史背景中。对文本进行语言分析后，发现了克里奥尔语特征的清晰模式，并表明在不同的地方出现了Chabacano变种的社会语言动机的变化。分析结果证实，查巴卡诺至少在19世纪中叶以前就以结晶形式存在，并且不仅限于仆人和讲西班牙语的大师之间的互动，也不限于商业环境。相反，它已经是在马尼拉不同社区中用于社交和亲密关系以及日常互动的语言。