In this study I provide a description of the morphosyntax and the functions of demonstratives in Juba Arabic and Ki-Nubi, two closely related Arabic-based contact languages. The study describes the process of acquisition of demonstrative pronouns and determiners and it explains the formal and functional changes that have taken place in the demonstrative system of Arabic as a consequence of pidginization and subsequent creolization. Broadly speaking, the reduction of the inflection of Arabic demonstratives and the gradual loss of their deictic value corresponds to a change of their grammatical functions along the common grammaticalization path deictic demonstrative > anaphoric demonstrative > definite article. However, Juba Arabic and Ki-Nubi clearly differ in terms of both forms and functions of pronominal and adnominal demonstratives. If Juba Arabic demonstratives are characterized by a certain morphological continuity with those of its Arabic lexifier, Ki-Nubi gives evidence of an innovative, and rather complex, system of demonstrative pronouns and determiners. This morphosyntactic divergence is also reflected on a functional ground insofar as the adnominal demonstrative de “this” is mainly used as a tracking device in Juba Arabic, whereas it can mark nominal definiteness in Ki-Nubi. The study eventually proposes a unified diachronic hypothesis that accounts for a greater degree of grammaticalization of nominal determination in Ki-Nubi as a result of its radical creolization.

中文翻译：

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指示语和定语的出现（朱巴阿拉伯语和基努比语）

在这项研究中，我对两种紧密相关的阿拉伯语接触语言Juba阿拉伯语和Ki-Nubi中的形态语法和指示功能进行了描述。该研究描述了指示代词和限定词的获取过程，并解释了阿拉伯语的指示系统和英语拼音化之后所发生的形式和功能上的变化。广义上讲，阿拉伯语指示词的屈折减少和指示性价值的逐渐丧失，对应于其语法功能沿共同的语法化路径的变化：指示性指示词>照应指示性指示词>定冠词。但是，朱巴阿拉伯语和基努比语在代词和代词指示词的形式和功能方面明显不同。如果朱巴阿拉伯语的指示词与其阿拉伯语词汇的特征词在形态上具有一定的连续性，那么Ki-Nubi就是一个创新的，相当复杂的指示代词和限定词系统的证据。这种语态句法差异也反映在功能基础上，即在朱巴阿拉伯语中主要使用名词性指示性“ this”作为跟踪设备，而在Ki-Nubi中可以标记名义上的确定性。该研究最终提出了一个统一的历时性假说，该假说说明了由于Ki-Nubi的根本性拼写化，使名义确定的语法化程度更高。指示代词和限定词系统。这种语态句法差异也反映在功能基础上，因为名词指示性的“ this”主要在朱巴阿拉伯语中用作跟踪设备，而在Ki-Nubi中则可以标记名义上的确定性。该研究最终提出了一个统一的历时性假说，该假说将其归因于其激进的克里奥化，从而在很大程度上使Ki-Nubi的名义确定语法化。指示代词和限定词系统。这种语态句法差异也反映在功能基础上，即在朱巴阿拉伯语中主要使用名词性指示性“ this”作为跟踪设备，而在Ki-Nubi中可以标记名义上的确定性。该研究最终提出了一个统一的历时性假说，该假说说明了由于Ki-Nubi的根本性拼写化，使名义确定的语法化程度更高。