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Two Englishes diverged in the Philippines?
Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages ( IF 0.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-13 , DOI: 10.1075/jpcl.00057.gon
Wilkinson Daniel Wong Gonzales 1 , Mie Hiramoto 2
Affiliation  

Abstract Although World Englishes (WE) scholarship is concerned with the study of English varieties in different social contexts, there is a tendency to treat postcolonial ones as homogenous regional phenomena (e.g., Philippine English). Few researchers have discussed variation and social differentiation in detail with empirical evidence. Thus, in order to understand how layers of different varieties of WE operate within a specific group of speakers, this study takes an empirical intergroup approach from a substratist framework. This study explores distinctive features of a metropolitan Manila variety of Chinese English used in the Philippines, Manila Chinese English (MCE), an English contact variety used by Manila Chinese Filipinos. After comparing the frequencies of selected features observed in a 52,000-word MCE database with frequencies in Manila English and American English corpora, this study found that a distinct variety – MCE – most likely emerged in the 1960s due to the extensive contact between general Manila English and local tongues of Chinese Filipinos such as (Hybrid) Hokkien and Tagalog, which function as MCE’s substrate languages. This study takes into account MCE’s structure, sources, and genesis, and discusses MCE in relation to Philippine English as positioned in Schneider’s dynamic model, to demonstrate how intergroup variations coexist but take divergent paths within a WE variety.

中文翻译:

菲律宾有两种英语分歧?

摘要尽管世界英语(WE)奖学金涉及在不同社会背景下研究英语变体,但有一种趋势将后殖民者视为同质的区域现象(例如菲律宾英语)。很少有研究人员通过经验证据详细讨论过变异和社会分化。因此,为了了解不同类别的WE的各层如何在特定的说话者群体中运作,本研究采用了来自底层理论框架的经验性群体间方法。这项研究探讨了菲律宾使用的大都会马尼拉中文英语品种,马尼拉华裔菲律宾人使用的英语联系品种马尼拉中文英语(MCE)的独特特征。比较52中观察到的选定特征的频率后,该研究以000字的MCE数据库为基础,该数据库具有马尼拉英语和美国英语语料库的频率,该研究发现,由于马尼拉英语通用语言与菲律宾华人本地语言(如(Hybrid) )福建语和他加禄语,它们是MCE的基础语言。这项研究考虑了MCE的结构,来源和起源,并讨论了与施耐德动态模型中的菲律宾英语相关的MCE,以说明群体差异如何共存,但在WE品种内如何走不同的道路。这项研究发现,由于普通的马尼拉英语和华裔菲律宾人的本地语言(如(混合)福建语和他加禄语)之间的广泛接触,最有可能在1960年代出现了一种独特的变种-MCE,这是MCE的基础语言。这项研究考虑了MCE的结构,来源和起源,并讨论了与施耐德动态模型中的菲律宾英语相关的MCE,以说明群体差异如何共存,但在WE品种内如何走不同的道路。这项研究发现,由于普通的马尼拉英语和华裔菲律宾人的本地语言(如(混合)福建语和他加禄语)之间的广泛接触,最有可能在1960年代出现了一种独特的变种-MCE,这是MCE的基础语言。这项研究考虑了MCE的结构,来源和起源,并讨论了与施耐德动态模型中的菲律宾英语相关的MCE,以证明群体差异如何共存,但在WE品种中如何走不同的道路。
更新日期:2020-05-13
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