Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how employees’ sentiments of fear and companionate love toward their leaders relate to leader effectiveness and follower loyalty. Design/methodology/approach The analysis uses multi-level survey data (n=728) from a professional services firm. Proposed relationships are examined using multi-level modeling, polynomial regression and response surface analysis. Findings Companionate love moderates the relationship between fear of a leader and leader effectiveness and follower loyalty. At high levels of companionate love, leader effectiveness and loyalty increase with fear, but at low levels of companionate love, fear negatively relates to leader effectiveness and loyalty. There are diminishing returns at relatively high levels of love and fear or when love becomes relatively much greater than fear. Research limitations/implications Findings suggest that employees may incorporate sentiments of love and fear into their implicit leadership theories (ILTs), though the authors do not measure ILTs. Practical implications Leaders may consider incorporating behaviors that elicit sentiments of both love and fear for greatest follower loyalty and effectiveness. Originality/value This study is the first to examine the combination of sentiments of love and fear. In contrast to the extant literature, which posits that fear has primarily negative effects, the results suggest that fear may have a more nuanced relationship with perceptions of the leader.

中文翻译：

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通过爱与恐惧进行领导：有效的结合

目的本文的目的是研究员工对领导者的恐惧和友爱之情如何与领导者效能和追随者忠诚度相关。设计/方法/方法分析使用来自专业服务公司的多层调查数据（n = 728）。使用多级建模，多项式回归和响应面分析来检查建议的关系。调查结果伴随的爱减轻了对领导者的恐惧与领导者的效能与追随者忠诚之间的关系。在高水平的陪伴爱情下，领导者的有效性和忠诚度随着恐惧而增加，但是在低水平的陪伴爱情中，恐惧与领导者的有效性和忠诚度负相关。在相对较高的爱情和恐惧水平下，或者当爱情变得比恐惧更大时，回报就会递减。研究的局限性/暗示研究结果表明，尽管作者没有衡量员工的ILT，但员工仍可以将爱和恐惧的情绪纳入他们的隐性领导力理论（ILT）。实际意义领导者可以考虑采用引起爱与恐惧感的行为，以最大程度地提高追随者的忠诚度和效率。原创性/价值这项研究是第一个研究爱与恐惧情绪结合的东西。与现存的文献认为恐惧主要具有负面影响的文献相反，研究结果表明恐惧可能与领导者的观念有着更细微的关系。实际意义领导者可以考虑采用引起爱与恐惧感的行为，以最大程度地提高追随者的忠诚度和效率。原创性/价值这项研究是第一个研究爱与恐惧情绪结合的东西。与现存的文献认为恐惧主要具有负面影响的文献相反，研究结果表明恐惧可能与领导者的观念有更细微的关系。实际意义领导者可以考虑采用引起爱与恐惧感的行为，以最大程度地提高追随者的忠诚度和效率。原创性/价值这项研究是第一个研究爱与恐惧情绪结合的东西。与现存的文献认为恐惧主要具有负面影响的文献相反，研究结果表明恐惧可能与领导者的观念有更细微的关系。