Politicians often quote opponents in political debates so as to highlight contradictions between the opponents’ prior statements and their current political actions, thus construing their political character negatively. From a dialogic perspective, reported speech, alternatively termed “extra-vocalisation”, can be defined as a tool used by speakers to deny alternative points of view and justify their own positions, while simultaneously positioning the audience in agreement with the speaker’s own views. Drawing on this notion of extra-vocalisation, the current study analyses a Japanese political debate to show how politicians use different types of voice to validate their own political ideologies and devalue opposing views. In doing so, the study also identifies the relevant linguistic resources of Japanese in order to show how dialogic positioning via extra-vocalisation is manifested in Japanese, and highlight the fact each language provides its own resources to convey such meanings.

中文翻译：

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为什么政客在政治辩论中引用别人的话？

政治家在政治辩论中经常引用反对者的话，以突出反对者先前的言论与他们当前的政治行动之间的矛盾，从而对他们的政治性格进行负面解读。从对话的角度来看，报告的演讲，也称为“外发声”，可以定义为演讲者用来否认其他观点并证明自己立场的工具，同时将听众定位为与演讲者自己的观点一致。本研究利用这种超发声的概念，分析了日本的一场政治辩论，以展示政治家如何使用不同类型的声音来验证他们自己的政治意识形态并贬低反对意见。在这样做，