Purpose – This study empirically investigated whether national distances (Cultural, Administrative, Geographic and Economic distance) have different effects on industries in different ways. Design/methodology – The empirical model utilized industry level export trade data to examine the differentiated effects of each national distance. By using direct measurement and covering 75 countries, this paper analyzes the effect of distances in different industries. More specifically, this study classified the industries into a more-sensitive/less-sensitive scale. Findings – The empirical results showed the complicated impacts of national distances on trade. Trade in industries that are more sensitive to cultural and administrative distances was not decreased as greatly as trade in industries that are less sensitive to cultural and administrative distances. Also, industries that are more sensitive to geographic distance showed a stronger negative impact on trade than less sensitive industries. Lastly, economic distance decreased trade for industries that are more sensitive to economic distance, while economic distance did not significantly increase trade for industries that are less sensitive to economic distance. Originality/value – As the first study to empirically find out whether national distance has different effects on industries, this study updated the measurements of national distance.

中文翻译：

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国家距离会以不同的方式影响不同的行业吗？Ghemawat笼模型的测试

目的–这项研究从经验上调查了国家距离（文化，行政，地理和经济距离）是否以不同的方式对产业产生了不同的影响。设计/方法论–实证模型利用行业水平的出口贸易数据来检查每个国家距离的不同影响。通过使用直接测量并覆盖75个国家/地区，本文分析了距离在不同行业中的影响。更具体地说，本研究将行业分类为敏感性较高/敏感性较低的规模。研究结果–实证结果表明，国家距离对贸易的复杂影响。对文化和行政距离较敏感的行业的贸易没有像对文化和行政距离较不敏感的行业的贸易那样减少。此外，对地理距离更敏感的行业比对不那么敏感的行业表现出对贸易的更大负面影响。最后，经济距离减少了对经济距离较敏感的行业的贸易，而经济距离并没有显着增加对经济距离较不敏感的行业的贸易。独创性/价值–作为第一个通过经验发现国家距离对产业是否有不同影响的研究，本研究更新了国家距离的度量。经济距离并没有显着增加对经济距离较不敏感的行业的贸易。独创性/价值–作为第一个通过经验发现国家距离对产业是否有不同影响的研究，本研究更新了国家距离的度量。经济距离并没有显着增加对经济距离较不敏感的行业的贸易。独创性/价值–作为第一个通过经验发现国家距离对产业是否有不同影响的研究，本研究更新了国家距离的度量。