We exploited two major reforms in the regulation of professional services implemented in Italy since the 2000s in order to examine the impact on the intergenerational transmission of occupations. We built an OECD-style indicator of strictness of regulation for 14 occupations and three different cohorts (i.e. before and after each reform). Then, using a difference-in-differences strategy, we exploited the differential effect of regulation on the occupations considered compared with employees in similar occupations, before and after each reform. We found that the progressive liberalization of professional services affected the allocation of individuals across occupations, leading to a substantial decrease in the propensity to follow the same career as one’s parents. The impact of regulation on the likelihood of being employed in the same occupation as one’s parents is greater in soft sciences and in areas where the demand for professional services is higher; at individual level, it is greater for less able individuals.

中文翻译：

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敲开父母的门：监管和代际流动

我们利用了自 2000 年代以来在意大利实施的专业服务监管方面的两项重大改革，以研究对职业代际传递的影响。我们为 14 个职业和三个不同的群体（即每次改革之前和之后）建立了一个 OECD 风格的监管严格度指标。然后，使用差异中的差异策略，在每次改革前后，我们利用监管对所考虑职业的不同影响与类似职业的员工相比。我们发现，专业服务的逐步自由化影响了个人跨职业的分配，导致与父母从事相同职业的倾向大幅下降。在软科学领域和对专业服务需求较高的领域，监管对与父母从事相同职业的可能性的影响更大；在个人层面，能力较弱的人的收益更大。