Black and poor students are suspended from U.S. schools at higher rates than white and non-poor students. While the existence of these disparities has been clear, the causes of the disparities have not. We use a novel dataset to examine how and where discipline disparities arise. By comparing the punishments given to black and white (or poor and non-poor) students who fight one another, we address a selection challenge that has kept prior studies from identifying discrimination in student discipline. We find that black and poor students are, in fact, punished more harshly than the students with whom they fight. Acknowledgements: This study was supported by funders of the Education Research Alliance for New Orleans at Tulane University: the John and Laura Arnold Foundation, William T. Grant Foundation, Spencer Foundation and, at Tulane, the Department of Economics, Murphy Institute, and School of Liberal Arts. The Louisiana Department of Education provided data and assistance. We thank Kaitlin Anderson, F. Chris Curran, Douglas Harris, and Sara Slaughter for their thoughtful comments, and Jacqueline Lantsman for her research assistance. We also thank C. Kirabo Jackson and the three anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions. We also thank participants at the AEFP and APPAM annual meetings as well as seminar participants at Lafayette College, Tulane University, and the University of Southern California. Barrett, McEachin, Mills, & Valant 2

中文翻译：

---

种族和家庭收入对学生纪律的差异和歧视

黑人和贫困学生被美国学校停学的比率高于白人和非贫困学生。虽然这些差异的存在已经很清楚，但造成差异的原因尚不清楚。我们使用一个新的数据集来检查学科差异是如何以及在哪里出现的。通过比较对相互打架的黑人和白人（或贫困和非贫困）学生的惩罚，我们解决了一项选择挑战，该挑战使先前的研究无法识别学生纪律中的歧视。我们发现，事实上，黑人和贫困学生受到的惩罚比与他们打架的学生更严厉。致谢：这项研究得到了杜兰大学新奥尔良教育研究联盟的资助者的支持：约翰和劳拉阿诺德基金会、威廉 T.格兰特基金会、斯宾塞基金会以及杜兰大学的 经济系、墨菲学院和文学院。路易斯安那州教育部提供了数据和帮助。我们感谢 Kaitlin Anderson、F. Chris Curran、Douglas Harris 和 Sara Slaughter 的深思熟虑的评论，以及 Jacqueline Lantsman 的研究协助。我们还要感谢 C. Kirabo Jackson 和三位匿名审稿人富有洞察力的意见和建议。我们还要感谢 AEFP 和 APPAM 年会的参与者以及拉斐特学院、杜兰大学和南加州大学的研讨会参与者。巴雷特、McEachin、米尔斯和 Valant 2 和 Sara Slaughter 的深思熟虑的评论，以及 Jacqueline Lantsman 的研究帮助。我们还要感谢 C. Kirabo Jackson 和三位匿名审稿人富有洞察力的意见和建议。我们还要感谢 AEFP 和 APPAM 年会的参与者以及拉斐特学院、杜兰大学和南加州大学的研讨会参与者。巴雷特、McEachin、米尔斯和 Valant 2 和 Sara Slaughter 的深思熟虑的评论，以及 Jacqueline Lantsman 的研究帮助。我们还要感谢 C. Kirabo Jackson 和三位匿名审稿人富有洞察力的意见和建议。我们还要感谢 AEFP 和 APPAM 年会的参与者以及拉斐特学院、杜兰大学和南加州大学的研讨会参与者。巴雷特、McEachin、米尔斯和 Valant 2