Abstract This study analyses two Old English formulae gret freodlice (‘greets in a friendly manner’) and ic cyðe eow þaet (‘I make it known to you that’), which form a salutation–notification template in a document type called writs. It connects the emergence of this formulaic set to previous oral traditions of delivering news and messages, and to their reflection in dictation practices from at least the time of King Alfred. Their later routinisation and standardisation is seen as a factor brought about by the centralised production of royal writs and their subsequent adoption as templates in monastic scriptoria across the country. These templates continue to be recycled in the early Middle English period both in English and in Latin writs, ultimately shifting to Latin-only documents during the reign of William the Conqueror. Although this shift does not hinder the continuity of the selected bureaucratic template into the later Middle Ages, it affects the structure of the discourse community associated with the chancery norms, consolidating its core (those literate in Latin who are involved in production and preservation of writs) and marginalising its periphery (English speakers who used to make up the informed audience for writs in local courts).

中文翻译：

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Chancery English之前的Chancery规范？

摘要 本研究分析了两个古英语公式 gret freodlice（“以友好的方式问候”）和 ic cyðe eow þaet（“我让你知道这一点”），它们在称为 writs 的文档类型中形成了称呼通知模板。它将这种公式化的出现与以前传递新闻和信息的口头传统以及至少从阿尔弗雷德国王时期的听写实践中的反映联系起来。他们后来的常规化和标准化被视为是由王室令状的集中制作以及随后在全国各地的寺院抄经中被采用为模板所带来的一个因素。这些模板在中古英语早期继续以英语和拉丁语令状循环使用，最终在征服者威廉统治期间转变为仅使用拉丁语的文档。