Relational reasoning, or the ability to identify meaningful patterns within streams of information, has emerged as an important factor in a variety of complex tasks. One factor that has received relatively little research attention, however, is how relational reasoning may be influenced by the representational systems (i.e., verbal or nonverbal) that hold the information about which one is reasoning. Most studies have also focused only on analogical reasoning at the expense of anomaly, antinomy, antithesis, 3 additional forms of relational reasoning. All participants in the current study, 762 undergraduate students, completed shortened versions of the Test of Relational Reasoning (TORR; Alexander, 2012) and verbal Test of Relational Reasoning (vTORR; Alexander, 2015). These 2 tests both measure each of the 4 forms of relational reasoning, but the TORR uses a nonverbal representation system and the vTORR uses a verbal system. Patterns of performance within and between these relational reasoning tests, as well as measures of linguistic and spatial ability, test the hypothesis that representational system adds explanatory value for understanding relational reasoning. Results show that the 4 form framework of relational reasoning is present in the 2 measures, both separately and combined, but representational system exerts a more powerful effect than expected. Use of the shortened measures is also supported through evidence of score reliability and validity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)

中文翻译：

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表征系统在关系推理中的作用。

关系推理，或识别信息流中有意义的模式的能力，已成为各种复杂任务中的一个重要因素。然而，相对较少受到研究关注的一个因素是，关系推理如何受到表示系统（即语言或非语言）的影响，这些系统包含有关推理的信息。大多数研究也只关注类比推理，而忽略了异常、二律背反、对立和 3 种其他形式的关系推理。当前研究的所有参与者，即 762 名本科生，完成了缩短版的关系推理测试 (TORR; Alexander, 2012) 和关系推理口头测试 (vTORR; Alexander, 2015)。这两个测试都测量了 4 种关系推理形式中的每一种，但 TORR 使用非语言表示系统，而 vTORR 使用语言系统。这些关系推理测试内部和之间的表现模式，以及语言和空间能力的测量，检验了表征系统为理解关系推理增加了解释价值的假设。结果表明，关系推理的4种形式框架存在于单独和组合的2个措施中，但表示系统发挥了比预期更强大的作用。分数可靠性和有效性的证据也支持使用缩短的措施。（PsycINFO 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）以及语言和空间能力的测量，检验表示系统为理解关系推理增加解释价值的假设。结果表明，关系推理的4种形式框架存在于单独和组合的2个措施中，但表示系统发挥了比预期更强大的作用。分数可靠性和有效性的证据也支持使用缩短的措施。（PsycINFO 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）以及语言和空间能力的测量，检验表示系统为理解关系推理增加解释价值的假设。结果表明，关系推理的4种形式框架存在于单独和组合的2个措施中，但表示系统发挥了比预期更强大的作用。分数可靠性和有效性的证据也支持使用缩短的措施。（PsycINFO 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）但表征系统发挥的作用比预期的更强大。分数可靠性和有效性的证据也支持使用缩短的措施。（PsycINFO 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）但表征系统发挥的作用比预期的更强大。分数可靠性和有效性的证据也支持使用缩短的措施。（PsycINFO 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）