Place-based jobs policies seek to create jobs in particular local labor markets. Such policies include business incentives provided by state and local governments, which cost almost 50 billion USD annually. The most persuasive rationale for these policies is that they can advance equity and efficiency by increasing long-term employment rates in distressed local labor markets. However, current incentives are not targeted at distressed areas. Furthermore, incentives have high costs per job created. Lower costs can be achieved by public services to business, such as manufacturing extension, customized job training, and infrastructure. Reforms to place-based jobs policies should focus on greater targeting of distressed areas and using more cost-effective policies. Such reforms could be achieved by state and local governments acting in their residents' interests or could be encouraged by federal interventions to cap incentives and provide aid to distressed areas.

中文翻译：

---

使用基于职位的工作策略来帮助陷入困境的社区

基于职位的就业政策旨在在特定的本地劳动力市场上创造就业机会。这些政策包括州和地方政府提供的商业激励措施，每年花费近500亿美元。这些政策最有说服力的理由是，它们可以通过在陷入困境的当地劳动力市场中提高长期就业率来提高公平性和效率。但是，目前的激励措施并不针对贫困地区。此外，激励措施对创造的每个工作都有很高的成本。通过为企业提供公共服务（例如扩展生产，定制的工作培训和基础设施）可以降低成本。地方就业政策的改革应侧重于更多地确定受灾地区，并采用更具成本效益的政策。