The paper brings together methodological, theoretical, and empirical analysis into the single framework of linguistic diversity. It reflects both historical and contemporary research by economists and other social scientists on the impact of language on economic outcomes and public policies. We examine whether and how language influences human thinking (including emotions) and behavior, analyze the effects of linguistic distances on trade, migrations, financial markets, language learning and its returns. The quantitative foundations of linguistic diversity, which rely on group identification, linguistic distances as well as fractionalization, polarization and disenfranchisement indices are discussed in terms of their empirical challenges and uses. We conclude with an analysis of linguistic policies and shifts of languages and examine their welfare effects and the trade-offs between the development of labor markets and the social costs that they generate in various countries.

中文翻译：

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语言经济学

本文将方法论，理论和实证分析整合到语言多样性的单一框架中。它反映了经济学家和其他社会科学家对语言对经济成果和公共政策的影响的历史和当代研究。我们研究语言是否以及如何影响人类的思维（包括情感）和行为，分析语言距离对贸易，移民，金融市场，语言学习及其回报的影响。讨论了语言多样性的定量基础，这些基础依赖于群体认同，语言距离以及分数，极化和剥夺指标，并从其经验挑战和用途方面进行了讨论。