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Historical Legacies and African Development
Journal of Economic Literature ( IF 12.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-01 , DOI: 10.1257/jel.20181447
Stelios Michalopoulos 1 , Elias Papaioannou 2
Affiliation  

As Africa's role on the global stage is rising, so does the need to understand the shadow of history on the continent's economy and polity. We discuss recent works that shed light on Africa's colonial and precolonial legacies. The emerging corpus is remarkably interdisciplinary. Archives, ethnographic materials, georeferenced censuses, surveys, and satellite imagery are some of the sources often combined to test influential conjectures put forward in African historiography. Exploiting within-country variation and employing credible, albeit mostly local, identification techniques, this recent literature has uncovered strong evidence of historical continuity as well as instances of rupture in the evolution of the African economy. The exposition proceeds in reverse chronological order. Starting from the colonial period, which has been linked to almost all of Africa's post-independence maladies, we first review works that uncover the lasting legacies of colonial investments in infrastructure and human capital and quantify the role of various extractive institutions, such as indirect rule and oppression associated with concessionary agreements. Second, we discuss the long-lasting impact of the "Scramble for Africa" which led to ethnic partitioning and the creation of artificial modern states. Third, we cover studies on the multi-faceted legacy of the slave trades. Fourth, we analyze the contemporary role of various precolonial, ethnic-specific, institutional and social traits, such as political centralization. We conclude by offering some thoughts on what we view as open questions.

中文翻译:

历史遗产与非洲发展

随着非洲在全球舞台上的作用不断提高,对了解非洲大陆经济和政治历史阴影的需求也在增加。我们讨论了最近的作品,这些作品揭示了非洲的殖民和殖民前遗产。新兴的语料库是跨学科的。档案,人种学材料,地理参考人口普查,调查和卫星图像是经常被用来检验非洲史学中提出的有影响的猜想的一些来源。利用国家内部的差异并采用可靠的(尽管大多是本地的)识别技术,最近的文献发现了历史连续性以及非洲经济发展破裂的有力证据。博览会以相反的时间顺序进行。从殖民时期开始 这与几乎所有非洲独立后的疾病都息息相关,我们首先审查揭露殖民主义对基础设施和人力资本的持久投资遗留的工作,并量化各种采掘机构的作用,例如与优惠协议有关的间接统治和压迫。其次,我们讨论了“争夺非洲”的长期影响,这种冲击导致了种族分裂和建立了人造的现代国家。第三,我们研究奴隶贸易的多方面遗产。第四,我们分析了各种前殖民时代的,特定于种族的,制度和社会特征,例如政治集中化的当代作用。最后,我们对公开问题提出一些想法。我们首先回顾一下发现基础设施和人力资本的殖民投​​资的持久遗产的工作,并量化各种采掘机构的作用,例如与优惠协议有关的间接统治和压迫。其次,我们讨论了“争夺非洲”的长期影响,这种冲击导致了种族分裂和建立了人造的现代国家。第三,我们研究奴隶贸易的多方面遗产。第四,我们分析了各种前殖民时代的,特定于种族的,制度和社会特征,例如政治集中化的当代作用。最后,我们对公开问题提出一些想法。我们首先回顾一下发现基础设施和人力资本的殖民投​​资的持久遗产的工作,并量化各种采掘机构的作用,例如与优惠协议有关的间接统治和压迫。其次,我们讨论了“争夺非洲”的长期影响,这种冲击导致了种族分裂和建立了人造的现代国家。第三,我们研究奴隶贸易的多方面遗产。第四,我们分析了各种前殖民时代的,特定于种族的,制度和社会特征,例如政治集中化的当代作用。最后,我们对公开问题提出一些想法。
更新日期:2020-03-01
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