Adapting to task changes in work settings frequently calls not only for shifting one's thoughts and behaviors to the new demands, but also for dealing with outdated knowledge and skills. This article focuses on the role of control strategies in task adaptation and reports two experimental studies using an air traffic control simulation task. In both studies (N = 66 and 105 with k = 1,320 and 1,680 observations, respectively), all participants first learned and performed an initial version of the task then received instruction about control strategies, performed an altered version of the task with new execution rules, and finally worked on a memory test. Participants were instructed to either deliberately forget the old rules, remember the old rules, or simply learn the new task (Study 2 only). Results from discontinuous growth curve modeling revealed that the directed forgetting in both studies and the control group in Study 2 showed higher performance in the simulation after the change relative to their performance before the change (transition adaptation). There were no relearning differences between the groups suggesting that these differences persisted throughout the task. However, the memory test at the end of the study revealed that the directed forgetting groups and the learning control group remembered less outdated task execution rules in the memory test after the simulation than the remembering group. The findings suggest that different types of cognitive strategies have costs and benefits. Conceptual and practical implications of these findings are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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复杂工作任务中的认知控制策略和适应性表现。

适应工作环境中的任务变化不仅需要将思想和行为转变为新的需求，还需要处理过时的知识和技能。本文重点介绍控制策略在任务适应中的作用，并报告了两项使用空中交通管制模拟任务的实验研究。在这两项研究中（N = 66 和 105，k = 1,320 和 1,680 次观察），所有参与者首先学习并执行任务的初始版本，然后接收有关控制策略的指令，执行具有新执行规则的任务的更改版本，最后进行了内存测试。参与者被要求要么故意忘记旧规则，记住旧规则，要么只是学习新任务（仅限研究 2）。不连续增长曲线建模的结果表明，研究 2 中的两个研究和对照组中的定向遗忘在模拟中表现出相对于改变前的表现（过渡适应）而言更高的表现。两组之间没有重新学习的差异，这表明这些差异在整个任务中持续存在。然而，研究结束时的记忆测试显示，与记忆组相比，定向遗忘组和学习控制组在模拟后的记忆测试中记住的过时任务执行规则更少。研究结果表明，不同类型的认知策略都有成本和收益。讨论了这些发现的概念和实际意义。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）。